Class #17 Mencius on History Reading: Mencius,
Readings 4 Book 6A provides the most important elements of the text's theory
about human nature and human goodness. The doctrines of the "four seeds"
and the good nature are highly systematic, easily grasped tools for Confucians
who wish to rebut Mohist doctrines and rationalize ethically idealistic
political engagement in an apparently amoral world. But there are also
passages in the Mencius that deal with issues of morality and character
in a less systematic, sometimes contradictory way. The readings for
Wednesday's class collects some of these less systematic passages, which seems
to be dealing with the complexities and difficulty of actual human ethical
understanding, as well as ones that seem to idealize the notion of the junzi
and the "sage" to a level that seems almost superhuman. The interplay
between these two levels of imagined wisdom forms a basis for the discussion of
the doctrines of timeliness and "fate" that we will focus on during the final
class meeting on Mencius on Friday.