CONFUCIANS

MOHISTS

TIAN

                 ↓        (over TIME)

                             wen → SAGES interpret → li

↓

             PEOPLE → junzi

                             TIAN (universality / yi)

↓

KING

↓

MINISTERS

↓

                                         PEOPLE       (obey ↑ )

TIAN

Primal model / via wen – li

Ethics of Virtue

TIAN

Reduced to ethical action formula

Ethics of Action

TIAN

Rewards/punishes in “timely” way

Emerges through event

reduced anthropomorphism

History as “Natural” / “meta-Natural”

TIAN

Rewards/punishes directly

Interventionist

anthropomorphic

Discontinuity: Man’s world & Nature

Truth/Purpose expressed through historical unfolding

Good evolves -

received li + contextualized judgment

Ahistorical model

(Reason-based)

The Good is a constant -

universalist action standard